Swelling in the knee occurs when fluid accumulates within the knee joint or surrounding sacs (bursa). Medically, this condition is referred to as "effusion", while it is commonly known as "fluid buildup in the knee".
Sometimes a swelling may occur behind the knee, this is called a " Baker's cyst ." The swelling in front of the kneecap is called " patellar bursitis ."
What is Knee Swelling?
Knee swelling refers to fluid accumulation inside or around the knee joint. The knee is the largest joint in the body, connecting the thigh bone (femur), shin bone (tibia), and kneecap (patella). It is composed of cartilage, muscles, ligaments, and nerves.
Any injury, irritation, or underlying condition such as inflammatory arthritis can lead to swelling in the knee.
Knee Swelling Symptoms
Individuals experiencing knee swelling may also notice the following symptoms:
Knee pain
Stiffness or tightness
Redness or discoloration
Warmth around the knee
If knee swelling persists for several days, causes severe pain, or restricts movement, you should consult an orthopedic specialist immediately.
Causes of Knee Swelling
Knee swelling can develop due to many different reasons. This condition usually manifests itself with increased joint fluid or fluid accumulation in the tissues. Trauma , impact , cartilage damage and injuries such as meniscus tears are the most common causes. Ligament injuries , especially in athletes and active individuals, also cause swelling in the knee.
In addition, inflammatory or degenerative disorders such as osteoarthritis , arthritis , infection and tendonitis are also important causes of knee swelling. The fluid accumulated in the knee causes movement restriction and pain when the kneecap anatomy is disrupted. A detailed examination by an orthopedic specialist ensures correct diagnosis and treatment.
1. Trauma and Injuries
Blunt force or falls: A direct impact to the knee can cause internal bleeding or synovitis (reactive fluid buildup).
Ligament injuries: Tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) or medial collateral ligament (MCL) can cause sudden swelling
Meniscus tears: Meniscus tears can cause swelling in the knee. In fresh tears, the swelling is caused by bleeding, while in old tears, there is an increase in fluid caused by synovitis.
Cartilage damage: During trauma, joint cartilage can be damaged, which can lead to swelling. For cartilage injuries and treatment options, please visit our Cartilage Injuries page.
2. Infections
Septic arthritis: An infection in the knee joint causes swelling, redness, and fever. This condition requires immediate surgical intervention and antibiotic treatment.
3. Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases
Rheumatoid arthritis: Chronic inflammation and synovitis lead to swelling in the knee.
Gout: A buildup of uric acid crystals causes sudden and severe pain with swelling.
4. Knee Arthritis
The cartilage that forms the knee joint wears down over time, causing swelling and stiffness. For more information about calcification and osteoarthritis in the knee, you can read our article on Knee Calcification .
5. Bursitis
Swelling may occur as a result of inflammation of the fluid sacs called bursae around the kneecap. Repetitive kneeling movements in particular may trigger this condition. For more information about bursitis in the knee area and treatment methods, you can visit our Knee Bursitis (Patellar Bursitis) page.
6. Increased Synovial Fluid
Excessive fluid buildup in the knee joint, known as "effusion", causes noticeable swelling.and creates swelling within the joint.
7. Vascular Problems
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): Blood clot formation in the leg veins can cause swelling and pain, particularly at the back of the knee.
8. Other Reasons
Overuse or excessive exercise
Obesity or excess weight
Post-surgical swelling of the knee
What Causes Swelling and Pain Above the Kneecap?
Swelling above the kneecap usually occurs after bursitis , tendonitis or a traumatic blow . The bursae just above the kneecap can become inflamed and cause fluid accumulation. In this case, limited movement and pain are observed in the knee. Frequent squatting or excessive load on the knee especially triggers this condition.
Another cause could be cartilage damage or ligament injury . These types of injuries are usually detected with MRIs and X-rays . Chronic conditions such as osteoarthritis and arthritis can also be the source of swelling above the kneecap.
Causes of Swelling Above the Kneecap
Bursitis
Cartilage damage
Osteoarthritis
Ligament injury
Tendonitis - For detailed information about tendonitis types and treatment methods, you can review our Patellar Tendonitis article.
Trauma and impact - For detailed information on traumatic injuries in the knee area, you can review the Meniscus Ramp Tears topic.
Home Remedies for Knee Swelling
If you experience knee swelling, the following remedies may provide relief:
Rest: Avoid putting weight or stress on the affected knee.
Ice Application: Apply an ice pack for 15-20 minutes to reduce swelling and inflammation. Wrap the ice pack in a towel to prevent direct skin contact.
Compression: Use an elastic bandage to control swelling, but ensure it is not too tight to restrict blood circulation.
Elevation: Keep the knee elevated above heart level to help reduce swelling.
Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter pain medications may help, but consult your doctor before use.
If swelling persists, worsens, or causes unbearable pain, seek medical advice promptly.
How to Treat Knee Swelling?
Knee swelling is treated according to the underlying cause. Rest, ice, compression and elevation (RICE method) are very effective for swelling caused by minor trauma. If knee pain and limited movement persist, an orthopedic specialist should be consulted.
Drug treatment usually includes anti-inflammatory medications. In more severe cases, physical therapy , rehabilitation , and, if necessary, surgery may be recommended. After diagnosis is made through MRI and X-ray examinations, a personalized treatment plan is created.
Methods to Relieve Knee Swelling
How to Treat Swelling Behind the Knee?
Swelling behind the knee is commonly known as a Baker's cyst . This condition occurs when joint fluid accumulates behind the knee. Rest the knee and apply ice to reduce swelling. Physical therapy and exercises recommended by a doctor will reduce the tension behind the knee.
If the swelling is large and painful, the fluid inside the cyst may need to be drained. This procedure is performed by an orthopedic specialist . In rare cases, surgical methods may be required.
When to See a Doctor for Knee Swelling?
You should consult an orthopedic specialist in the following cases:
Swelling does not subside within a few days
Severe pain and restricted movement occur
Swelling is accompanied by fever, redness, or significant discomfort
You can click on the link to get detailed information about treatment methods and to contact Op. Dr. Utku Erdem Özer .
Treatment Options for Knee Swelling
Treatment for knee swelling depends on the underlying cause:
Rest and Ice Therapy: For trauma-induced swelling, the RICE protocol (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) is the first step.
Medications: Antibiotics for infections; anti-inflammatory drugs for conditions like arthritis.
Physical Therapy: Strengthening exercises and improving joint range of motion are crucial for osteoarthritis and inflammatory diseases.
Surgery: Ligament injuries, meniscus tears, or severe osteoarthritis may require surgical intervention.
Treatment for Swelling Behind the Kneecap
Swelling behind the kneecap is most often caused by a Baker's cyst or fluid accumulation . In the treatment of such swellings, the factors that cause knee pain and swelling are first determined. MRI is used when necessary.
In mild cases, rest and ice are recommended. Joint flexibility is achieved with physical therapy and special exercises. In more serious cases, fluid drainage and cortisone injections are performed. In chronic cases, surgery may be required.
Treatment Methods
Rest and ice application
Physiotherapy
Cortisone injection
Fluid discharge
Surgical intervention
Knee swelling is a condition that should be taken seriously. If symptoms persist, consult an orthopedic specialist for early diagnosis and treatment. You can contact us for more information.
Frequently Asked Questions About Knee Swelling
What causes swelling in the knee?
Knee swelling occurs due to reasons such as trauma, infection, cartilage damage , meniscus tear and arthritis .
How to reduce swelling in the knee?
It can be relieved with rest, ice, compression and elevation. In case of prolonged swelling, a doctor should be consulted.
What to do when there is edema in the knee?
The knee should be rested, iced, and anti-inflammatory medications should be used if necessary. A doctor's examination is important.
Which doctor should be seen for swelling in the kneecap?
An Orthopedics and Traumatology specialist will be the right address for kneecap swelling and pain.
Conclusion
Knee swelling can occur for many different reasons, from mild trauma to serious orthopedic conditions. Timely treatment is important in cases such as kneecap swelling , cartilage damage , meniscus tear and increased joint fluid .
In case of long-term swelling, an evaluation should be made by an orthopedic specialist and, if necessary, treatment options such as physical therapy , rehabilitation or surgical intervention should be sought.
For a healthy and pain-free life, do not neglect knee swelling problems. You can improve your quality of life with timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. You can contact Op. Dr. Utku Erdem Özer for detailed information and an appointment. Take action now for your health!
